纤维素保水剂对基质特性和黄瓜幼苗生长的影响

Effects of Cellulose Aquasorb on Properties of Substrate and Growth of Cucumber Seedling

作为新型高分子节水材料,保水剂能够改善土壤结构,提高土壤储水能力,促进作物生长。比较了微晶纤维素保水剂和秸秆沼渣保水剂在穴盘育苗中对基质理化性质和黄瓜幼苗根系活力、壮苗指数、日均干质量增长量等生长生理指标的影响。试验显示,2种保水剂的施用对改善土壤理化性质和促进黄瓜幼苗生长都具有显著的效果;第36天时,加入保水剂的各处理黄瓜幼苗壮苗指数均高于对照组,施用微晶纤维素保水剂质量分数在0.3%时,黄瓜幼苗日均干质量增长量可达(0.015 4±0.000 9)g/d,壮苗指数达0.489 2±0.076 2,根系活力达61.82μg/(g·h);施用秸秆沼渣保水剂质量分数在0.3%时,黄瓜幼苗日均干质量增长量可达(0.015 6±0.000 4)g/d,壮苗指数达0.508 9±0.098 5,根系活力达60.90μg/(g·h)。研究结果表明,秸秆沼渣保水剂可作为一种新型土壤保水剂应用到黄瓜育苗生产中。

As a new type of water-saving polymer materials,aquasorb can ameliorate soil structure,facilitate formation of soil aggregate,enhance water holding capacity of soil,adjust plant rhizosphere environment,reduce the loss of soil nutrients and promote crop growth. In the experiment,microcrystalline cellulose aquasorb and straw residue aquasorb were synthesized using by orthogonal optimization. In the process,acrylic acid was employed as graft monomer,potassium persulfate（ KSP）as initiator,and N,N＇-methylene bisacrylamide（ NMBA） as crosslinking agent. The the max water absorbency of two aquasorbs（ microcrystalline cellulose aquasorb and straw residue aquasorb） were401. 20 g / g and 382. 22 g / g,respectively. In this paper,the effects of these two kinds of cellulose aquasorbs on the physicochemical properties of the substrate and growth physiological indexes of cucumber seedlings such as roots activity,seedling index and G value（ the growth rate of the daily average dry mass） etc. were compared. The results indicate that after the addition of two cellulose aquasorbs in plug seedling,there are significant effects on promoting soil physicochemical properties and the growth of cucumber seedlings. After 36 days,when the mass fraction of microcrystalline cellulose aquasorb is0. 3%,the G value,seedling index and root activity of cucumber seedlings samples can reach（ 0. 015 4 ±0. 000 9） g / d,0. 489 2 ± 0. 076 2 and 61. 82 μg /（ g·h）,respectively. When the mass fraction of added straw residue aquasorb is 0. 3%,the G value,seedling index and root activity of cucumber seedlings samples can reach（ 0. 015 6 ± 0. 000 4） g / d,0. 508 9 ± 0. 098 5,60. 90 μg /（ g·h）,respectively. The research results show that straw residue aquasorb can be used as a new type soil aquasorb applied in field production.