血脉纯洁与化为实践的宗族——以江西泰和一村落的民族志调查为基础

Bloodline Purity and The Lineage in Practice——Based on Ethnographic Research in a Village of Taihe, Jiangxi Province

江西泰和东塘村遗存的富有显著传统特征的民间习俗,是建立在一种共同的血脉基础之上,且具有强调血脉的稳固性、纯洁性和延续性的特征。族人通过实践,将此类习俗纳入到以祖先为中心的神圣世界的构筑过程当中,同时贯穿于日常生活之中并作为自己行动的准则,这是其在现实世界运行的主要逻辑。这也是在现代市场经济以及现代国家等各种推压力的猛烈冲击之下,村庄依然保持着一幅顽强姿态的一个重要原因。钱杭先生认为,宗族是一个"建构"过程,其客观依据、基本逻辑、核心理念及价值标准,是建立并维系一条完整悠久的父系单系世系,而不是、也不可能形成所谓"纯洁"的父系血缘。这一观点的后半部分表述太过极端,无法接受东塘宗族实例的审核。

Traditional folk customs in Dongtang village of Taihe, Jiangxi province are continued by virtue of the common bloodline, which emphasizes its stability, purity, and continuity. Clansmen not only bring this custom into the building process of ancestor--centered divine world, but also fix it as a code of daily ac- tions, which manifests its main operation in reality. It＇ s also the reason why the village remains integral under the impact of market economy, and some other modernized policies posed by nation-state. Qian Hang regards lineage as a process of construction, as its objective basis, basic logic, core idea and value standard are to es- tablish and maintain a complete uniparental and paternal genealogy, so it does not and would never form the so-called ＂pure＂ patriarchy. This opinion is profound, but only in the former half, for its latter half cannot demonstrate the reality in Dongtang village.