一种基于模型的云计算容错机制开发方法

A Model-Based Fault Tolerance Mechanism Development Approach for Cloud Computing

目前商业云平台和开源云平台种类繁多,如CloudStack,OpenStack,Eucalyptus等,这些云平台提供的管理能力和管理方式存在较大差异,即使在同一个云平台中也存在多种虚拟化方式,如Xen,KVM,VMware等.近年来,随着私有云和混合云的迅速发展,基础设施的异构程度加剧.由于容错机制往往依赖于基础设施的管理能力和管理方式,因此容错机制实例在不同的目标平台上需要分别实现,导致容错机制的开发难度和开发时间显著增加.针对这一问题,提出了一种基于模型的容错机制开发方法,实现容错机制的跨平台性.为了验证容错机制开发方法的有效性和实用性,实现了7种常见的容错机制实例,并在CloudStack和OpenStack开源云平台上进行验证.实验表明,这些容错机制能够有效地实现故障转移,提升容错对象可靠性、可用性等指标;提出的容错机制开发方法能够实现跨平台,并达到90%以上的代码复用率;对云平台管理员以及容错机制开发者的问卷调查结果表明,该方法能够较好地提升容错机制的开发体验和开发效率.

There are many different kinds of cloud computing platforms, such as CloudStack, OpenStack, Eucalyptus, and so on, which differentiate from each other in management abilities and management styles. Even in a particular cloud platform, there are atso different kinds of virtualization technologies, such as Xen, KVM, VMware, etc. Recent years, with the rapid development of private cloud and hybrid cloud, the heterogeneity degree of infrastructure is aggravated. Fault tolerance （FT） mechanisms are usually supported by the management ability and management style of the infrastructure. As a result, a fault-tolerant mechanism needs to be repeatedly implemented on different platforms. Meanwhile, this directly causes the obvious growing difficulty and increasing amount of time consumption in FT mechanism. In order to reach the goal of achieving FT mechanism among different platforms, we propose a model-based, cross-platform FT mechanism development approach in this paper. To validate the effectiveness and practicability of model-based development approach, we implemente seven fault tolerance mechanisms in CloudStack and OpenStack. A series of experiments show that failover is implemented effectively by these FT mechanisms, and the reliability and availability of the FT target are improved. With high reusability （over 90%） of the code, the FT mechanisms in this thesis can function cross different platforms. Analysis of the questionnaire survey conducted among developers show that our approach can improve the development experience and development efficiency.