区域旅游业碳排放和旅游消费碳足迹研究述评

A critical review on several issues of regional tourism-related carbon emissions or its carbon footprint

全球气候变化是当今世界面临的最富挑战性的问题之一,旅游业是世界第一大产业,其碳排放(碳足迹)的测度和控制对全球减排目标的实现具有重大意义。对旅游业碳排放和旅游消费碳足迹相关领域的研究成果进行了深入梳理,探讨已有研究存在的不足之处和薄弱环节,并为进一步的研究指明方向。国内外关于旅游业碳排放和旅游消费碳足迹的研究已有较好基础,但已有研究的核算结果缺乏不确定性分析,信度、效度难以确定,旅游业和旅游消费的碳强度和生态效率尚未厘清,其原因在于,已有研究在概念内涵和外延、系统边界、核算口径、研究方法等方面还存在一些争议和值得探讨的领域。进一步的研究方向应有3个方面发展:明确界定概念内涵和外延、统一系统边界和核算口径以及构建旅游业碳排放和旅游消费碳足迹测度的方法体系。

Global climate change is one of the most important and challenging problems facing the world today. The tourism sector is the world＇s biggest industry, and the measurement and control of tourism-related carbon emissions or its carbon footprint is of great significance if the global emission reduction targets are to be met. This paper discusses the deficiencies and weaknesses in existing research; and proposes the emphasis and direction that future research should take. The literature review shows that there has been considerable research on carbon emissions by the tourism sector, and its carbon footprint. However, few of these studies included uncertainty analyses, and their reliability and validity is hard to identify. Studies are difficult to compare, and the carbon intensity and ecological efficiency of the tourism sector or tourism consumption cannot be confirmed because there is no consensus about the intension and extension, system boundary, accounting caliber, and measurement methods. Finally, the emphasis and direction of the future research, which includes defining the intension and extension of carbon emissions or the carbon footprint that unifies the system boundary, and combines the strength of two methods, i.e., bottom-up based Process Analysis （ PA ） and top-down based Input-Output Analysis （IOA）, to construct a detailed and comprehensive hybrid approach, are presented.