“原生态体育”悖论:体育非物质文化遗产保护模式的解构与重塑

The Paradox of“Original Ecology Sports”——Deconstruction and Reconstruction on Protected Mode of Sports Intangible Cultural Heritage

从文化生态学理论出发,结合3个"原生态体育"田野调查个案,采取参与定性观察、实地深度访谈等质性研究方法以及民族志的书写范式,由点及面阐释"原生态体育"的建构过程、社会动因及其内在机制,旨在明晰体育非物质文化遗产发展的价值取向和保护模式。研究结果表明,"原生态体育"是文化加工、文化移植、文化重建等文化再生产的过程和结果,但也存在虚无主义、封闭守旧、市场裹挟等不良倾向。体育非物质文化遗产保护必须摒弃"原生态体育"的保守理念,进一步厘清保护的对象与边界、树立可持续生态观、构建文化生态模式,并注重社区居民自治、地方政府管理、社会组织指导等生态系统间的动态平衡。

This paper explains construction process,social agents and internal mechanism of＂original ecology sports＂from point to surface by the qualitative research methods of participatory qualitative observation and field depth interview and writing paradigm of ethnography from the cultural ecology theory combined with three＂original ecology sports＂fieldwork cases and it is intended to clarify the value orientation and protected mode of the development of sports intangible cultural heritage.The result shows that＂original ecology sports＂is the cultural reproduction process and results of culture processing,cultural transplant and cultural reconstruction.It is a kind of existence way of nihilism,closed and old-fashioned concept of culture and abusive tends coerced by the market.Sports intangible cultural heritage protection must abandon the conservative philosophy of ＂original ecology sports＂,further clarify the objects and boundaries of protection,establish sustainable ecological concept,build cultural ecology mode and pay attention to the dynamic equilibrium of ecosystem among community residents autonomy,local governments management and social organizations guidance.