24式太极拳运动前、中、后HRV的变化特征

The Change of HRV before,during and after 24-posture Tai Chi

目的:探究24式太极拳运动前、中、后HRV的变化特征,确定该项目青年练习者在静息、运动及恢复状态下的心率调控特征,并探讨24式太极拳对心脏的锻炼价值。方法:选取13名24式太极拳优秀青年练习者为对象,测试、分析其在24式太极拳运动前、中、后心率、HRV的时域、频域和非线性指标。结果:1)受试者心率在运动中极显著升高,运动后又极显著降低。但运动中心率达到130次/min及以上的男、女受试者分别仅占总时程4.5%和26.1%;2)受试者在运动前、中、后其HRV时域指标(SDNN、RMSSD、PNN50)和非线性指标(SD1、SD2)均在运动中减小,运动后又增加。频域指标LFn和LF/HF均在运动中增加,运动后减小,且运动后的数值均大于运动前,而HFn的变化相反,运动中减小,运动后增加,且运动后的数值均小于运动前;3)其Poincare散点图运动前呈椭圆且分散,运动中呈极度缩窄的椭圆且集中,运动后有一定的恢复,但比运动前仍有一定的缩窄。结论:长期、有规律的24式太极拳练习可提高受试者心脏的自主调控能力,但一轮24式太极拳练习受运动强度及持续时间的限制,不能充分锻炼心脏和提高有氧运动能力。在24式太极拳运动中,受试者HRV减小,运动后又逐渐恢复,其中心交感神经活动在运动中加强,副交感神经活动在运动中减弱,运动后两者均有所恢复,但两者间的平衡倾向于交感神经活动占优势。受试者在24式太极拳运动前、中、后,其Poincare散点图呈现规律的变化,但能否反映受试者是否处于过度训练,尚需进一步深入的研究。受试者HRV的变化受年龄、性别因素的影响。

To explore the change of HRV before,during and after 24-posture Tai Chi,confirm the characteristic of heart rate regulation of young practitioners in the condition of resting,movement and recovery,provide useful method for monitoring the training of 24-posture Tai Chi by HRV,and discuss the value of 24-posture Tai Chi to heart function.Method：13 excellent young trainers of 24-posture Tai Chi are selected to test and analyze their heart rate,time domain,frequency domain and nonlinear parameters of HRV before,during and after 24-posture Tai Chi.Results：1）The heart rate of subjects increased extremely significant during exercise and decreased highly significant after exercise.Of all the subjects whose heart rate can reach 130 beats/min or more,male and female subjects accounted for only 4.5% and 26.1% of the total schedule respectively.2） The changes of time domain parameters（SDNN,RMSSD,PNN50）and nonlinear parameters（SD1,SD2）of subjects decrease during exercise and increase after exercise,the changes of LFn and LF/HF are similar,increasing during exercise and decreasing after exercise,and the values of post-exercise are greater than pre-exercise.Compared with LFn and LF/HF,the change of HFn is diametrically opposite.3）The Poincare plot graphic of subjects is elliptic and disperse before exercise,extremely narrow and concentrated during exercise,there is a certain recovery after exercise,but still narrower than pre-exercise.Conclusion：long-term,regular 24-posture Tai Chi exercise can improve the heart autonomic regulation ability,but one round 24-posture Tai Chi exercise restricted by exercise intensity and duration,can not effectively exercise the heart and improve the ability of aerobic.During the 24-posture Tai Chi the HRV of subjects decreases,and gradually restore again after exercise,sympathetic activity during the exercise is strengthened while parasympathetic activity is reduced,both recovered after exercise,but the balance toward a predominance of the sympathetic over the parasympathetic.The change of Poincare plot graphic of subjects before,during and after 24-posture Tai Chi is regularly,but whether can reflect the subjects in the overtraining remains to be further study.The change of HRV influenced by age and gender.