从经营企业到经营土地:中国的自由裁量预算与经济增长

From Operating Enterprises to Grabbing Land: Discretionary Budget and Economic Growth in the Chinese Context

在外在激励环境下追求自由裁量预算的内在激励,使地方政府及其官员积极采取发展本地经济的集体行动,从而推动了中国持续30多年的经济高速增长。改革开放至1994年分税制改革前,地方政府以经营企业为主获取自由裁量预算。分税制改革至今,地方政府以经营土地为主获取自由裁量预算。与作为外在激励的集权—分权框架的调整与晋升激励方式的改变相比,自由裁量预算的来源及结构的调整,更能对地方政府的经济行为产生实质性影响。

The intrinsic motivation of pursuing the discretionary budget under the extrinsic incentive environment makes local governments and officials take positive collective actions to promote the local economy,so as to drove the sustained high speed economic growth over 30 years in China. From reform and opening in late 1970 s to reform of tax sharing system in 1994,the major way of local governments obtaining discretionary budget is business operation. Since 1994,the major way changed to land grabbing. Compared with the change of centralization- decentralization frame and the adjustments of promotion incentive system,the discretionary budget caused substantial effect for the local governments＇ economic behaviors because of the adjustments of source and structure in discretionary budget.