追寻定性与定量的结合——《唐律》立法技术的一个侧面

Seeking the Combination of Qualitative and Quantitative Methods——One Perspective of Legislative Techniques in the Code of Tang Dynasty

定性与定量相结合是《唐律》立法技术高超的集中反映。《唐律》中的犯罪构成与量刑制度均运用了该技术,前者意味着对犯罪成立附加了特别条件,后者体现在为审判官量刑提供了确立依据。《唐律》立法技术的特点是借助数学理性全面地架设犯罪与刑法之间的阶梯和以递增公式为审判官公正量刑提供指南。这不仅有利于从立法上合理划定犯罪圈,而且有助于预防审判官恣意定罪量刑,因而是封建时代司法公正的制度保障,对当代亦具有启示意义。

The combination of qualitative and quantitative methods is a reflection of superb legislative techniques in Code of Tang Dynasty. The combination is adopted in the constitution of crime and penalty measurement system of Code of Tang Dynasty. Special conditions are added in crime establishment and basis is laid down for the sentencing of judges. The characteristics of legislative techniques in Code of Tang Dynasty are connecting crime and criminal law by mathematical rationality and offering reference for impartiality by incremental formula. It helps to delimit crime reasonably in legislation and to prevent judges from making unscrupulous judgment. Therefore,it systematically safeguards judicial justice in feudal times,which can also give us some enlightenment now.