甲萘威的淡水水生生物水质基准研究

Aquatic Life Ambient Freshwater Quality Criteria for Carbaryl in China

为保护我国淡水水生生物,收集、筛选出5门23科44个物种的急性毒性数据和1门1科2个物种的慢性毒性数据,分别采用毒性百分数排序法和物种敏感度分布法,对我国甲萘威的淡水水生生物水质基准进行推导. 结果表明：我国淡水水生生物物种的急性毒性平均值范围为2.25～27 609 μg/L,甲壳纲急性毒性平均值范围为2.25～1 000 μg/L,鱼纲急性毒性平均值范围为700～27 609 μg/L,最敏感的物种为棘爪网纹溞,最不敏感的物种为胡鲶. 毒性百分数排序法推导出的基准最大浓度和基准连续浓度均为2.6 μg/L,物种敏感度分布法推导出的短期危险浓度和长期危险浓度分别为3.3和1.6 μg/L. 中美甲萘威的水质基准值差异归因于两国生物区系的不同. 甲壳纲对甲萘威的敏感度大于鱼纲. 初步统计表明,在22个天然水体样品中,有50%样品的甲萘威浓度高于淡水水质基准,存在环境风险.

To protect freshwater aquatic life, acute toxicity data for 44 species from 23 families, 5 phyla and chronic toxicity data of 2 species from 1 family were collected and screened. The aquatic life ambient freshwater quality criteria for carbaryl in China were calculated with both toxicity percentile rank and species sensitivity distribution. The results showed that species mean acute values ranged from 2.25 μg/L for Ceriodaphnia reticulata to 27,9 μg/L for Clarias batrachus in China. The species mean acute values to carbaryl ranged from 2.25 μg/L to 1,0 μg/L for pisces and 700 μg/L to 27,9 μg/L for crustaceans. Both criteria maximum concentration and criteria continuous concentration for carbaryl were 2.6 μg/L, as derived by toxicity percentile rank; the short term hazardous concentration and long term hazardous concentration were 3.3 μg/L and 1.6 μg/L, respectively, as derived by species sensitivity distribution method. There are differences between Chinese and American water quality criteria, because of the different biotas. Crustaceans were more sensitive to carbaryl than pisces. Preliminary statistics indicated that the concentrations of carbaryl in 50% of samples in 22 ground water samples were greater than the aquatic life ambient freshwater quality criteria, showing an environmental risk.