精细化水氮运筹对机采棉个体发育及产量的影响

Effect of Fine Management of Water and Nitrogen on Ontogenesis and Yield in Machine-harvested Cotton

为研究机采棉种植模式下水氮运筹对棉花塑型的影响,采用机采棉种植模式(66cm+10cm)田间试验,在总灌溉量和总施肥量相同条件下,研究不同生育期灌溉量(W1、W2、W3)和追氮量(N1、N2、N3)对棉花个体生长发育特征的影响。结果表明,灌溉与氮肥处理对棉花7个农艺性状和产量性状的影响差异显著,其中,高产处理W1N2的株高79.9cm、株宽42.4cm、茎粗9.67mm、每株果枝数9.1、单铃质量5.90g、单株有效铃数5.8、籽棉产量7 845.88kg/hm2。精细化水(W)氮(N)运筹对棉株内围铃、外围铃的构成比例以及上、中、下部棉铃分布比例影响不显著,高产处理W1N2的下、中、上部棉铃分配比例达到36%、33%、31%。通过机采棉膜下滴灌精细化水肥运筹,可对棉花植株农艺性状进行有效调控,实现优化棉花产量结构,增加籽棉产量的目的。

To explore the effect of water and nitrogen application on cotton molding plant type suitable for machine harvesting,the field test of cotton planting mode（66cm＋10cm）was conducted with different irrigation（W1,W2,W3）and chasing nitrogen（N1,N2,N3）strategy under the same total amount of irrigation and fertilizer to analyze their influence on machine-picked cotton ontogenesis.The results showed that seven agronomic and yield traits had significant difference among water and nitrogen treatments,in which,higher-yielding treatment W1N2 was characterized as plant height of 79.9cm,plant width of 42.4cm,stem diameter of 9.67 mm,9.1branches number per plant,first fruit height of 21.5cm,5.90 g per boll,5.8effective bolls per plant,yielding 7 845.88kg/hm2 seed cotton;Fine water（W）and nitrogen（N）management had no significant effect on proportion and distribution of cotton bolls in horizontal and vertical positions,in high-yielding treatment W1N2,bolls distributed for 36%,33% and 31% at the upper,middle and lower part of cotton plant,respectively.In conclusion,the fine management of nitrogen fertilization and drip irrigation under membrane can modulate agricultural traits of cotton plant and yield composition factors,resulting in seed yield gain in machineharvested cotton production.