3D生物打印技术及其在牙周骨缺损修复中的应用

Application of three-dimensional bio-printing technology in treatment for periodontal bone defect

与传统的"减材"制造相比,3D打印技术具有精确的个性化设计、快速成型、复杂精细产品制造等"増材"制造的明显优势。近年来,为了提高治疗的个性化及精确性,医学领域已经广泛应用3D生物打印技术进行术前诊断、手术设计、术前模拟以及组织再生等各个阶段。本综述首先介绍3D生物打印技术的概况及其过程,主要分为成像及模型设计、生物材料及细胞类型的选择、不同类型的生物打印等。在口腔牙周缺损修复中,3D生物打印技术通过重建其组织缺损部位的解剖结构,应用生物复合材料逐层精确地堆积出个性化植入物,增加了植入物的稳定性与术后骨结合率,使口腔组织形态及功能都得以恢复。然而,材料选择的局限性等问题给3D生物打印技术在修复牙周骨缺损的发展带来了障碍。本文就3D生物打印技术应用于牙周骨缺损修复中的复合生物材料、细胞、生物活性药物传递等几个方面逐一介绍。

Compared with traditional material manufacturing, three-dimensional （3D） bio-printing technology has advantages of accurate customized design, rapid prototyping, complex and fine product manufacturing, and so on. Recently, 3D bio- printing technology has been widely used in the preoperative diagnosis, operation design, preoperative simulation, and tissue regeneration to improve the personalization and accuracy of treatments. The overview and process of 3D bio-printing were firstly introduced in this review, including imaging and mode designing, biomaterials and cells selecting, different types ofbio- printing and so on. In the treatment for periodontal bone defect, 3D bio-printing technology reconstructed the anatomical conformation of tissue defected, accurately printed personalized implants layer-by-layer by using biological composites, and increased the stability of the implant and the postoperative osseointegration rate to restore the oral cavity defect morphologically and functionally. However, the limitations of biomaterials discouraged the development of 3D bio-printing in the treatment for periodontal bone defect. The biological composites, cells, and bioactive medicines delivery in the application of 3D bio-printing on the treatment for periodontal bone defect were introduced in this review.