基于儿童视角的幼儿园物质环境质量评价

Research on the Quality of Kindergarten's Physical Environment Based on Children's Perspectives

倾听儿童的心声不仅是尊重儿童权利的需要,更是提高儿童生活质量的必然诉求。本研究采用随机抽样法与目的抽样法,选取某市两所公立幼儿园大班32名5岁儿童,通过访谈了解他们对幼儿园物质环境的满意度及其解释。研究结果表明,在儿童看来,制约幼儿园物质环境质量的最重要因素是难度和功能,次要因素包括布置、配备量、物理特征、维护与清洁、使用的机会与时间。从儿童的现实需要出发,幼儿园物质环境创设应关注难易梯度、增加实用性、提高耐用性,并动态把握儿童经验与需求的变化,不断提高幼儿园物质环境质量。

Listening to children is not only the demand of respecting children＇s rights, but also the appeals to improve their life quality. The research selected 32 five-year-old children from 2 public kindergartens by random sampling and purposive sampling, and studied their satisfaction level of the physical environment of their kindergartens through interview. Results showed that difficulty and function were the most important constraints in physical environment quality, while subordinate factors included layout, allocation quantity, physical character, maintenance and cleaning, allowable opportunities and time in children＇s perspectives. Based on reflection to children＇s dynamic and current experiences and needs, close attention should be paid to difficulty gradient, practicability and durability when kindergartens set up and continually improve the physical environment.