海湾鱼类群落物种共存机制——以湄洲湾为例

Mechanisms structuring the coexistence of species in Meizhou Bay fish assemblages

海湾鱼类群落共存机制仍不明确,分析群落物种生态隔离及生境过滤的相对重要性是探讨物种共存模式的重要途径。以湄洲湾鱼类群落为例,根据2012年9月及2013年4月单拖网调查数据,运用零模型对其鱼类共存机制展开研究。结果表明,基于物种出现/不出现的C-score、成对物种棋盘格数目、SES指数的实测值与预测值差异均不显著(P>0.05),基于丰度数据的Pianka及Czechanowski生态重叠指数的实测值与预测值之间差异也不显著(P>0.05),说明无论是物种还是个体之间均呈随机分布格局,显示湄洲湾鱼类群落是一种受竞争排斥与生境过滤双重影响的群落。研究结果对湄洲湾生态系统生物多样性保护具有重要意义。

A fundamental goal of ecology is to identify rules that reflect species interactions; however, empirical examples of assembly rules for fish species in bays are limited. Analyzing the relative roles of niche separation and habitat filtering is a good way to elucidate the species mechanism. We investigated the mechanisms of how species in fish assemblages within bays coexist, using Meizhou Bay as a ease study with null models. C-score, number of species checkerboard pairs, and the standard effect size index based on binary data were not different between the observed and simulated values. Similarly, the Pianka and Czechanowski niche overlap index also in- dicated no difference between observed and simulated values, according to the abundance matrix, suggesting that fish assemblages within this system have a random pattern that is structured simultaneously by niche-partitioning and niche-filtering effects. Therefore, preservation and conservation strategies must include habitat restoration, maintaining the connection between the bay and adjacent area, and increasing population size. These results will be useful for developing local biodiversity management and conservation strategies.