海水养殖鱼类仔、稚鱼骨骼发育与畸形发生

Skeletal ontogeny and deformities in commercially cultured marine fish larvae

骨骼畸形可导致鱼类运动困难、摄食能力降低、生长缓慢、成活率低,因此,畸形鱼苗的出现将增加生产成本、影响养殖的经济效益。在海水鱼类人工育苗阶段,骨骼畸形现象普遍存在,严重制约了海水鱼类养殖产业的可持续发展。本文首先系统总结了卵形鲳鲹、黄尾鰤、尖吻鲈等经济海水鱼类颌骨、脊柱、尾骨的早期发育时序及特点,比较了仔、稚鱼骨骼畸形发生的部位、时间及发生规律。之后针对仔、稚鱼阶段影响骨骼发育的主要因素,从遗传、环境、营养等方面进行了剖析,以期为寻找降低人工养殖条件下海水鱼类仔、稚鱼的骨骼畸形提供启示。

Skeletal malformations are often associated with limited movement, reduced feeding capacity, depressed growth, and a high mortality rate. Deformed fish have a low market value and represent wasted time and effort. Skeletal malformations are observed frequently in hatchery-reared marine finfish larvae and juveniles. Such mal- formations continually hinder development of marine finfish aquaculture. This study summarizes early bone de- velopment （including jaw skeleton, vertebral column, and caudal vertebra） characteristics of commercial marine fish, such as golden pompano, yellowtail kingfish, and Asian sea bass, and compares bone malformation position, time of occurrence, and frequency in fish larvae. We also review genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors that regulate skeletal development in marine fish larvae to help reduced skeletal deformities during marine larval fish culture.