滨海城市公园植物物种多样性比较——以海口市为例

Comparative analysis of plant species diversity in coastal city parks: A case study of Haikou

城市公园是城市绿地的重要组成部分,是城市植物多样性体现的代表区域。本研究采用典型样方法对选定的海口市10个主要公园的420个样方植物多样性现状进行了调查,并根据距离海岸线的远近将公园分为离海公园和滨海公园两大类,从植物种类组成以及物种α与β多样性指数等方面作了比较分析。结果表明:海口市公园共有维管束植物320种,隶属于88科244属,植物种类丰富,但各公园植物分布相差较大,其中离海公园以栽培种居多,滨海公园以野生种和外来种居多;离海公园的植物群落α多样性高于滨海公园,其中草本层和灌木层物种α多样性滨海公园高于离海公园,乔木层则反之;两类公园之间乔木层和灌木层的β多样性指数相似性最低,草本层相似性较高。研究认为,生境差异性和人为干扰是产生城市植物多样性差异的重要因素。

City parks are an important part of urban green space, and reflect the plant diversity of the city. In this study, the typical quadrat method was employed to investigate the present situation of plan diversity with 420 quadrats from 10 major parks in Haikou, which were divided into two groups as seaside parks and inland parks according to their distances to the coastal line. The plant species constitution and a and 13 diversity indexes within these two groups were compared. The results showed that 320 vascular plant species belonging to 244 genera in 88 families were identified in Haikou city parks. However, the richness of plant species differed among different parks. The cultivated species took the main part in the inland parks and the wild and alien ones took the main part in the seaside parks. The a diversity index of plant communities in the inland parks was higher than that in the seaside parks. Compared with the inland parks, the seaside parks possessed a higher diversity index in herb layer and shrub layer, and a lower a diversity index in tree layer. The similarity of 13 diversity indexes of tree layer and shrub layer were the lowest and the one of herb layer was the highest between the two types of parks. Habitat difference and human disturbance were considered important factors causing the divergence in urban plant diversity in Haikou.