中国生态用地重要性及其格局优化研究进展

Importance of ecological lands and their pattern optimization in China: A review

生态用地因提供了比其他用地更多、更重要的生态服务功能而成为衡量区域生态环境质量好坏的依据,也成为了区域生态安全格局构建的核心内容。本文对近年来国内对生态用地的内涵、分类、识别及规划等研究进展进行了系统的归纳总结,得出以下结论:(1)生态用地是以发挥生态功能或生态效应为主的土地利用类型,具有非生产性、非建设性、以发挥生态功能、稳定区域生态平衡为主等特点;(2)生态用地重要性识别应该从生态系统服务功能、生态敏感性、生态脆弱性等方面来衡量,基于主导生态系统服务功能与关键生态过程的最小生态用地核算是实现自然生态和社会经济协调发展的底线,数量结构与空间布局的协同优化是生态用地格局优化的关键;(3)在多尺度视角下,定性与定量相结合的生态用地重要性识别、基于情景分析的生态用地动态模拟、将研究结果应用于生态用地规划编制是未来研究的重点,也是推动生态系统管理实施的关键。

Ecological land, providing more and more important ecological products and services compared to other land use types, is an indicator of regional eco-environmental quality and the key in building regional ecological security pattern. In recent years, ecological land receives more and more attention, so this study makes a review on the definition, classification, identification and planning of ecological land. The conclusions were as follows ： （ 1 ） Ecological function or eco- logical effect is the main character of ecological land, and meanwhile, the ecological land is non- productive and non-constructive. The chief function is to provide ecological function and maintain regional ecological balance. （2） The identification of important ecological land should be based on its ecosystem services, ecological sensitivity and ecological vulnerability. Setting the basic line of achieving coordinated development between ecology and society requires calculating the mini- mum ecological land by taking dominant ecosystem services and key ecological processes. The ra- tional quantitative structure and spatial layout of ecological land is of vital importance for pattern optimization. （3） Under the multi-scale perspective, identifying the importance of ecological land qualitatively and quantitatively, simulating ecological land dynamics under different scenarios, and applying the study results to the ecological land planning are the research focus in the future, and also the key to ecosystem management implementation.