火山喷发后植被演替的影响因子

Factors affecting vegetation succession after volcano eruptions

火山喷发后的植被演替是一个复杂的动态过程,受到多种因子的共同制约。揭示这一过程及其影响因子对研究火山干扰下的植被演替规律、预测未来植被演替动态具有重要的指导意义。本文综述了该领域的主要研究工作,分析了影响火山喷发后植被演替的主要因子,并对其研究方法进行总结和展望。影响火山喷发后植被演替的因子主要包括生物因子和非生物因子。生物因子包括残遗种和种子传播,它们为火山喷发后的植被演替提供繁殖体和种源。非生物因子包括火山喷发事件、火山基质、土壤因子和气候因子,它们是重要的外部因子。火山喷发事件分别从火山干扰尺度、严重度和频度3个方面制约植被演替;火山基质类型及其异质性程度决定了植被演替的轨迹,对植被演替动态起主导作用;火山喷发导致土壤和气候环境恶劣,在火山喷发后的早期演替阶段,植被演替速率低,随着土壤和气候环境得到改善,植被演替速率逐渐加快。此外,将模型与"3S"技术相结合在大尺度上研究火山喷发后的植被演替是一个新的研究视角。

The vegetation succession after volcano eruptions is a dynamic process, which is af- fected by several factors. It is significant to understand this process and its affecting factors for studying succession rules after volcanic disturbances and predicting the future succession dyna- mics. In this paper, we reviewed the research advances in this field and the factors affecting the vegetation succession after volcano eruptions. These factors include biotic and abiotie factors. Biotic factors, such as residual species and seed dispersal, provide propagules and seed sources for succession after volcano eruptions. Abiotic factors are the significant exogenous factors, inclu- ding volcano eruption events, substrates, soil and climate. The volcano eruption events control the later succession from three aspects （disturbance scale, severity and frequency）. Substrates dominate the succession dynanfics, whose properties and the degree of heterogeneity control suc- cession trajectories. The succession at the early stage is very slow due to the infertile soil and cli- mate environment; it is accelerated as the soil and climate environment are ameliorated. Moreo- ver, stu-dying the succession after volcano eruptions els and ＂3S＂ technologies is a new point of view. at large scales by combining landscape rood-