转基因作物外源基因漂移风险及其控制技术研究进展

Advances on ecological risks of exogenous transgene flow and corresponding control techniques for transgenic crops

随着转基因技术的飞速发展,越来越多的转基因作物新品种培育成功。转基因作物以其抗病虫、抗除草剂、优质高产及环境友好型等优良性状被广泛种植,而随之引起的一系列生态风险也越来越引起人们的广泛关注。其中,外源基因漂移导致的生态风险问题是转基因作物环境安全性评价的重要内容之一,尤其在转基因作物19年的商业化种植过程中,外源基因漂移风险管理技术在生产中的应用更不容忽视。本文对转基因作物的花粉介导、种子介导、根际分泌物和无性繁殖器官介导等4种外源基因漂移的主要途径及其引起的生态风险和相关控制技术等进行了综述,以期为转基因作物的环境安全评价及生产中的科学监管提供科学依据。

With the rapid development of transgenic techniques, many new cultivars of genetical- ly modified crops （i.e., GM crops） have been successfully bred, and many GM crops have been commercially planted in fields due to their excellent traits such as disease and insect resistance, herbicide-tolerance, high quality and production, and environmental friendliness. However, the ecological risks resulted from widely planting of GM crops have been becoming the public con- cern. The ecological risk of exogenous transgene flow is one of the most important contents of bio- safety assessment for GM crops. The corresponding control techniques of exogenous transgene flow risk developed and applied in the agricultural product could not be ignored, especially during the recent 19 years of commercial cultivation of GM crops. In this paper, we introduced the four re- leasing pathways of pollen, seed, root exudates and asexual reproductive organs, as well as the ecological risks and the corresponding control techniques of exogenous transgene flow of GM crops. This paper can provide some scientific bases for the environmental biosafety assessment and risk management of GM crops.