镜像神经元与身体-情感转喻解读

Mirror neurons and the reading of body-emotion metonymy

身体-情感转喻是一种以身体行为喻示情感的身体-情感语言表达。这里提出的身体-情感转喻解读方案,是基于心智哲学视域下语言研究整合心智哲学他心感知研究的成果。他心感知的一个重要方面是对他人的动作做出识别;对他人动作的识别特别是对他人行为-情感表达中的动作识别是一切社会交往的前提。身体-情感语言表达的识解是这样的:人类身体结构、心智结构、神经结构相似,因而通过身体行为流露出来的情感具有极大的普遍性,而通过大脑镜像神经系统的"观察"可以在观察者内心仿拟地重建他心重要的心智过程,进而启动自身涉及心理因果性的推理进程以进行理解,尽可能地把说话者的情感还原出来。身体-情感的社会性和语言表达的社会性是身体-情感语言表达他心感知之可能的必要条件,而感知主体的感知能力和知识水平及其把握语境、开展推理的能力构成了身体-情感语言表达他心感知之可能的充分条件。

The present study attempts a program for the reading of body-emotion expressions of others,an endeavor coming from the integration of language research from the perspective of philosophy of mind and the study of perceiving others.An important aspect of perceiving others' minds is to recognize others' action intent;and the recognition of others' action intent,with the recognition of action intent in their body-emotion expressions in particular,is a precondition for human social communication.The program is something like this:There being great universality in their emotion shown through actions and behaviors performed due to the similarity among human physical structure,the structure of their minds and their neural structure,the observer may rebuild the inner state of the emotion of the observed through automatic and unconscious imitation with the help of mirror neurons,thus establishing a mechanism for understanding others' minds through their own minds,and at the same time the observer may benefit from the sociality and the public character of language and the intentionality expressed in the expressions,so as to reproduce the original intent of the emotion.This is a process of understanding others' thinking and consciousness with the help of the activation by mirror neurons.In this process,the great sociality of the behavior-emotion pair is the necessary condition for body-emotion expressions,and the understanding relying on not only observation,but also knowledge,experience and inference is the sufficient condition.