新疆克孜尔水库异重流运动规律初步研究

A preliminary study of density flow movement law in Kizil Reservoir of Xinjiang

克孜尔水库实际运行20年,泥沙淤积量已超过设计淤积量的2倍,水库有效库容损失严重。异重流排沙是山区高含沙水流水库的重要排沙方式,尤其是对克孜尔水库这样以防洪、灌溉为主的蓄水水库。水库年内来水量集中在6―9月,来沙量更是集中在洪水期的几次沙峰,来沙细,易形成高含沙水流。另库区河床比降大,汛期来流量大,浑水潜入时有一定的单宽流量,都有利于异重流的形成。初步探讨异重流运动特性,并以克孜尔水库2011年"7.21"次异重流为例,分析此次异重流的形成和运动规律,由异重流非恒定方程初步推求出克孜尔水库异重流的挟沙能力方程式。

Kizil reservoir effective capacity losses seriously,as its sedimentation has been more than twice the amount of design siltation in the past 20 years.Density flow Flushing is an important way to desilting for the mountains Hyper concentrated flow reservoir,especially for reservoirs like Kizil reservoir which are mainly functional for irrigation and hydropower.Inflow of the Reservoir is happened from June to September,and the amount of sediment is concentrated in a few peak of flood period,to bring fine sand which easy to form high sediment flow.Moreover, making steep slopes for channel beds ,the large flow on flood season ,and the certain unit width flux when the muddy water sneak into reservoir are all conducive to form density flow.This article preliminarily discussed the characteristics of density flow movement law, and analyzed its formation and move- ment in Kizil reservoir in July 21,2011 ,and also derived sediment carrying capacity formula for Kizil reservoir by the unsteady equation of density flow.