血站血液检验标本误差因素及预防措施研究

Study on blood specimen error factors and preventive measures

目的分析血站血液检验标本误差因素，积极探讨相关预防措施，从而确保血站血液检验标本的准确性与可靠性。方法选取我站2013年1月至2014年1月期间出现血液检验标本误差的63例血液检验标本作为研究对象，对血站血液检验标本误差产生的原因进行分析和探究，基于引起检验标本误差的因素，积极探讨减少误差的相关预防性措施，最大程度确保血液检验标本的质量与准确性。结果引起63例血液检验标本误差的因素包括标本采集因素5例（7．94％），标本送检因素8例（12．70％），标本检验因素10例（15．87％），患者自身因素40例（63．49％）。结论在血站血液标本检验中，引起检验标本误差的因素较多，如患者因素、标本采集、送检及检验因素，血站应提高工作人员的综合能力，严格执行血液检验操作流程，进一步规范标本采集、送检、检验等环节，以此提高血站血液检验准确率，为临床安全用血提供保障。

Objective To analyze blood test specimens error factors, and actively explore related preventive measures, so as to ensure the accuracy and reliability of blood test specimens. Methods 63 cases of blood test specimens with error in our station from January 2013 to January 2014 were selected as the research object. Analyzed the reason of blood test specimens error, actively explored related preventive measures to reduce the error, ensured the quality and accuracy of blood test specimens in the maximum degree. Results The factors of 63 cases of blood test specimens error included specimen collection factors in 5 cases （7.94%）, specimens submitting factors in 8 cases （12.70%）, specimen inspection factors in 10 cases （15.87%）, patients＇ autoimmune factors in 40 cases （63.49%）. Conclusions There were many factors causing blood test specimens error, including patients factors, specimen collection factors, specimens submitting factors and inspection factors. Blood bank should improve the comprehensive ability of the staff, strictly implement blood test operation process, further standardize the specimen collection, submitting, inspection and other links, in order to improve the accuracy of blood test, provide protection for the safety of clinical blood use.