地壳运动驱动力的探讨——核能与地球演化

Discussions on the Driving Force of Crustal Movement:Nucleur Energy and Earth Evolution

本文综合核物理、天文和地质学的最新研究成果,推导出在45亿年前太阳系的全部原始类地行星及其某些卫星（包括地球及月球）上,发生过大规模的、持续的铀、钚链式核裂变,释出了巨大的热能,熔化了整个原始星球。新星球的物质发生了重力分异作用、形成了按密度划分的圈层结构。地球中心是内地核,在高压下压成了固态。铀、钚下沉到内地核顶部停留,继续发生链式核裂变,但改变不了内地核的固态性质。从此处产生的核裂变能,主要以热对流的形式外导。直到前45亿年以后,铀的链式核裂变停止了,只剩下钚的链式核裂变,生成的热能减少了,地球开始冷凝。当熔浆表面温度下降到700~800℃时,较轻的花岗岩质岩浆首先凝固成薄层。它很脆弱、经不起大风浪和潮汐力的冲击,破碎成小块,随着下面对流的玄武岩质熔浆汇集起来,形成大片飘浮物,后来就成为大陸;小片的便成为岛屿。温度逐渐下降,地幔冷凝成固体。温度下降至100℃以下,大气中的水蒸气冷凝成水,下落汇集在地表低凹处,便有了海洋和湖泊。所以海洋底主要分布着玄武岩。从内地核顶部不断产生的核能以“地幔柱”的形式穿过固体地幔,上升至地壳。受坚硬地壳的隔挡、便集中在地壳下构成软流层。当地壳岩石受热软化和可以流动之后,便开始向压力小的方向流动。又受日、月引力和地球自身自转力的作用,软流层的动能又有了增强。这种巨大的能量支配了地壳的升降、褶曲、断裂、变质、岩浆、火山和地震等活动。地球是天体之一,无时不受自然界各种作用力的影响,但支配它演化的主要作用力是核能。本文还简述了核能、核素与太阳系星体演化的关系。

On the basis of the latest achievements in nuclear physics, astronomy and geology, this study discusses the huge amount of heat energy released by large-scale uranium and plutonium nuclear chain fissions occurring about 4. 5 billion years ago on all the original terrestrial planets and their satellites including Earth and Moon, and its effect on them. Gravity differentiation of the new planet compositions resulted in spherical-layer structure, i.e. a structure of the crust, mantle and core. The inner core, the center of Earth is solid under a very high pressure. Uranium and plutonium which deposited on the surface of the inner core continued their chain nuclear fission, but could not change the solid state of the inner core. The nuclear energy produced since then conducted outward in the form of heat convection. Uranium chain fission stopped around 4.5 billion years ago, while plutonium fission continued. Therefore, less heat was produced since then and Earth started to cool down. When the temperature of the melting magma decreased to 700~800~C, the magma started to condensate to form layers with light weighted granite magma condensing to thin layer firstly. Due to shocking of large tide and wind, the thin layer was fragmented into several blocks. Huge drifting objects formed due to convergence with basaltic magma below are so-called continents and small blocks formed islands. With temperature gradually decreasing, the mantle started to cool down to solid. With temperature decreasing to or under 100℃, steam in atmosphere cooled into water and converged at depression areas on the surface, thus forming oceans and lakes. Therefore, basalt is widespread on the floor of oceans. Then the nuclear heat produced continually from top of the inner core released as ＂plume＂ and penetrated through the solid layer to the crust. Blocked by the Crust, the plumes concentrated and formed asthenosphere under the Crust. After heated, the crust rocks were softened and tended to flow toward low pressure areas. Kinetic energy of asthenosphere was strengthened by gravity of Sun and Moon as well as spinning of Earth. Such huge driving force triggered a series of activities, such as uplift, folding, faulting, metamorphism, magma, volcanoes and earthquakes. The Earth, as one of planets in the universal, is incessantly influenced by numerous events on Earth, but the leading factor controlling its evolution is nuclear energy. This study finally discusses the relationship betwween nuclear energh and emements and evolutiont of solar system.