试论宋代士大夫的一种从政精神——以范仲淹“公罪不可无,私罪不可有”为中心

A Primary Study on One of Official Spirits of the Scholar-bureaucrat in Song Dynasty——Fan Zhong-yan's Saying: “An Officials for Public Benefits Can't be Innocent,Relatively for Private Benefits Shouldn't Sin”as Center

范仲淹所云"公罪不可无,私罪不可有",主要在于倡导士大夫做官要清正廉洁,严于律己,勇于任事,敢于担当。这是一种宋代士大夫为官从政的现实准则,体现出积极向上的人生理念与处世精神。其形成原因大致包括民族传统精神、儒家思想影响、现实社会促动以及特殊个性等内容。范仲淹的言论身行和人格风范在宋代社会广泛传播,直接影响周围一些文官士大夫的处世态度,对改善当时的士风产生了一定作用。在当今社会,这种从政精神仍具有较强的现实意义。

Fan Zhong -yan＇ s saying ： ＂An official for public benefits can＇ t be innocent, relatively for private benefits shouldn＇ t sin＂. He mainly lies in advocating the uprightness, honesty, discipline, courage to doing things and takes on respon- sibilities for the scholar - bureaucrats official. It was a reality rule of scholar - bureaucrats officials in Song Dynasty, and fully reflected a positive spirit. It was very complicated about the formation reasons, generally including the traditional spirit,the in- fluence of Confucian thought, the actuation of realistic society and his special personality, etc. Fan Zhong -yan＇ s spirit and style had widely spread in Song Dynasty, directly affected some of the scholar - bureaucrats official, it had some effect to im- prove the academic atmosphere at that time. In today ,the spirit still had strong practical significance.