蒋介石与战后学潮(1945—1949)

The Study of Chiang Kai-shek and Student Movements( 1945—1949)

战后频发的学潮集中暴露出国民政府在外交、经济、地方管制等领域所面临的严重危机。作为执政者的蒋介石,其学潮应对却是无解的困局。首先,蒋难以有效控制党内各级干部,甚或各派系为争权夺利主动参与乃至组织学潮,蒋受主客观环境困扰,无法有效消除派系政治的破坏性影响。同时,蒋学潮认知思维模式固化,过于强调中共的领导作用,忽视了学生合理诉求与党内弊端。而蒋在处理各类学潮的过程中,没有清晰的应对策略,往往在制裁与疏导、纵容与压制之间犹豫不决,国民政府在各地连续不断的学生抗议声中迈向崩溃的边缘。

During the civil war period, the serious crises of national government in the diplomatic, economic, regulatory and other places were revealed by different kinds of student movements. However, it was a predicament when Chiang Kai - shek took and intended to solve with student movements. Firstly, Chiang Kai - shek was unable to control party ca- dres and eliminate the destructive damage of factional politics. Meanwhile, the thinking model of Chiang Kai - shek was immu- table. It emphasized excessively on the role of CCP＇ s leadership so that the students＇ reasonable demands and disadvantages of the party -state were ignored. Especially, at the process of dealing with various types of student movements, Chiang had no clear strategy so that the policy was always changed from sanction to persuasion. Finally, accompanied with continuous student protests, the national government moved towards the brink of collapse.