日本国内战争狂热的表现及成因分析——从一个新的角度反思历史

The Phenomena of Japanese Fanatic Support for Waging War and Relevant Analysis——Reflection on the History from a Fresh Point of View

日本发动侵华战争时期,政府通过开展"国民精神总动员"运动,掌控舆论,控制国内产业团体、国民组织,掌控生活必需品等方式,把国民卷入战争体制,纳入支持侵略战争轨道。从九一八事变到日本战败,在一些重要的节点,日本国内都出现"举国一致"支持战争的"狂热"场面。从不谙世事的孩童到相夫教子的家庭妇女,从退伍军人到公共汽车售票员,或"捐款",或写慰问信,或到神社祈祷日军胜利进军,以不同方式表示对局势的关切,表达所谓的"爱国"情。不明真相的日本国民支持战争,是日本侵华战争延续14年之久的社会基础。在讨论日本战争责任时,我们将日本政府与国民区分开来,强调日本国民是战争受害者,这是必要的。但是,也不能因此完全忽视战争的另一个方面,日本国民是战争受害者,他们主动、或者被动地支持战争,某种程度上也是"加害者"。检讨战争体制下日本国民对战争态度,可以看到历史复杂的一面,更加全面、客观地认识战争,汲取教训。

When waging war against the Chinese Nation, the Japanese Government involved its people into the war towards supporting the aggression war, by the implementation of ＂National Spiritual Mobilization Movement＂, the manipulation of public opinions, the control of domestic industry communities and the national wide organizations as well as the regulation of daily ne- cessities, etc. Consequently, at many important warring stages from the September 18 incident to the debacle of aggression war, there appeared fanatic phenomena of entire uniformity towards upholding the war with participants ranging from the naive chil- dren to the housewives, from the demobilized soldiers to the common people like bus ticket sellers, all of whom either expressed their condolence by donating money, or prayed at the shrine for the successful march into China, or any other means to show their concern for the warring condition, and to express their so - called patriotism. The 14 - year long aggression war is rightly based on the unknowing Japanese people＇ s support for it. So it will be necessary to separate the Japanese Government from its people concerning the responsibility and emphasize the former is actually the victim. Nevertheless, another aspect of this war shouldn＇t be totally neglected, that is, the Japanese people are also to some extent the perpetrators by actively or passively ad- vocating the war. By examining their attitudes towards the war, one can see clearly the complex facet of history so that he can know more comorehensivelv and more obiectivelv about the war and learn lessons.