云南糯玉米种质资源的研究与利用

Research and Utilization of Waxy Maize Germplasm Resources in Yunnan

云南省是糯玉米的起源中心和遗传多样性中心,糯玉米种质资源丰富,品种类型多样,分布广泛。全省16个地州(市)78个县(市)都分布有糯玉米地方品种,西双版纳傣族自治州勐海县至今仍种植有被公认为具有一系列原始性状的地方糯玉米品种四路糯。从糯玉米地方品种的生态型或多样性、支链淀粉含量变化、过氧化物同工酶带型特征、分子标记揭示的遗传多样性等方面,回顾了相关研究机构和研究者对云南省糯玉米种质资源的研究,分析了勐海四路糯玉米与缅甸糯玉米、锡金原始玉米的关系,以及糯玉米在发展云南高原特色农业中的作用和面临的主要问题。

The one of center for the origin and genetic diversity of waxy corn is in Yunnan province. In where,the germplasm resources of waxy maize are richer than elsewhere in china,and the type of landraces is obviously diverse,and the distribution of the native varieties is also very wide in 78 counties or cities of 16 states or cities. Silunuo were still planted at Menghai county in Xishuangbanna,which was recognized as waxy corn landraces with a series of primitive traits. This paper reviewed the development of study on waxy corn for the research institutions and researcher in intra-and outer-Yunnan province from ecotype or diversity of landraces,content changes of branched chain starch,bands characteristics of peroxidase isozyme,genetic diversity with molecular markers revealed. The relationship between Menghai Silunuo and Myanmar waxy corn,and Menghai Silunuo and Sikkim original corn were analyzed,and the role and main problems of waxy corn were also analyzed in the developing characteristic agriculture in Yunnan plateau.