康德政治哲学视域中的法治思想

On Kant's Thoughts of Ruling of Law——From The Horizon of His Political Philosophy

康德认为,人类历史的终极目的是达到人的总体道德化。但是道德是指向人把理性规律作为直接决定意志的根据,是内在的。在人类总体能够达到这种道德自律状态的过程中,人类还需要经过规训、文明教养等阶段;而从人的外在行为的约束而言,自然界迫使人要进入法治状态(或公民状态),因为法权与道德法则有着同一来源,即理性规律,虽然它是对人们的外在行为的约束,但由于它将影响一种思维方式的建立,所以它必定会产生道德后果。

Kant thinks that the ultimate goal of human history is to attain the moralizing of human beings as a whole. Moral means we regard rational law as the ground which can decide our will directly,so it is innate for human beings. In the process of human beings＇ approaching moral autonomy,we should experience discipline and cultivation. As far as restraining ourselves is concerned,nature compel us to go into the state of ruling of law or citizens,because regal rights and moral rules share the same origin,i. e. rational law. Though ruling of law means the constraining of the external behaviors of human beings,it will also have an influence on morality because it will build a thinking mode.