论康德的社会契约论

On Kant's Social Contract Theory

康德的政治哲学属于契约论传统。他不同于前人之处在于他是从纯粹实践理性出发来确证契约论的,因而它是一种假设的契约论。他一方面回应了休谟对于社会契约论的批判,另一方面也改变了传统契约论的意志主义倾向,使其具有了理性主义的特征。康德第一次将社会契约论明确地描述为一种规范性的理想,从思维方式上看康德的社会契约论是最恰当的,它表达了社会契约论的实质;从内容上看,康德的社会契约论以维护人的自由权利为核心,是一种自由主义契约论。

Kant＇s political philosophy belongs to the tradition of contract theory. His difference to the previous is that he has demonstrated the contract theory from the pure practical reason,so that it is a hypothetical contract theory. On the one hand he has responded to Hume＇s criticism of the social contract theory. On the other hand he has changed the tendency of voluntarism in traditional contract theory,providing it with the characteristic of rationalism. Kant first explicitly described the social contract theory as a normative ideal. As for mode of thinking,Kant＇s social contract theory is most appropriate,which expresses the essence of social contract theory. With regard to content,Kant＇s theory of social contract is in order to safeguard human rights and freedoms,so is a liberal contract theory.