作册嗌卣铭文与西周士大夫礼研究

Study on Inscriptions of Vessel Zuoce Yi and Ritual of Literati and Officialdom in the Western Zhou Dynasty

作册嗌卣铭文提供了研究西周时期士大夫礼的重要资料。此铭可证明西周时贵族阶层不同等级所用一些特殊的避讳语词的现象是存在的;作册嗌是大夫阶层,所用宗主石质的"祏宗",证明大夫是有宗庙祏主的,也证明汉至清代学者所说士大夫没有宗庙之主的说法是错误的;作册嗌做祭祀父祖的卣器希冀祖考保佑孙子健康成长,是因为如果大夫没有子孙,其享受的爵禄特权将会被剥夺,其祏宗也会被废除。另外,从作册嗌卣铭文可见西周时偏义复词的用法已经出现;作册嗌卣自命名为"义",其铭文也是西周金文中文辞最具悲情色彩的一件器铭。

Inscriptions on Vessel Zuoce Yi provided important material for studying rituals of literati and officialdom in the Western Zhou Dynasty period. The inscriptions can approve that there existed some special taboo words used by different levels of the aristocratic class in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Zuoce Yi belonged to the Great officer class and he used stone spirit tablet which proved that Great officers were permitted to use stone spirit tablet.It also proved that what the literati scholars from the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty thought （there were no stone spirit tablet for the literati） was wrong. Zuoee Yi made bronze vessel to offer sacrifice to ancestors, wishing that ancestors could bless their descendants growing up healthy. Because if he had no descendants, the Great officer＇s nobility title, salary, and privilege would be abolished. And his stone spirit tablet would also be removed. In addition, The usage of substantive compound words had appeared in the Western Zhou Period according to this vessel. The vessel named itself as righteousness （Yi）, it demonstrated it is an item with profound pathos as far as diction is concerned among inscriptions on bronze vessels in the western Zhou Dynasty.