中国礼术传统中的生态思考与实践

The Ecological Reflection and Practice within the Tradition of Chinese Ritual Divination

礼术作为中华礼义传统中的"决疑"之术,在中国人的生活实践中形成了广泛的信仰和认同。中国礼术思想以顺从道德建构的本体信仰为宗旨,通过模拟宇宙生化过程的演绎和实物观测归纳的办法,来了解终极本体的应然秩序。究其"决疑"之所据,盖可归纳为两个理路:模型推理和自然观察,这两种理路都是对自然终极生态认同的生命选择。自清末民初以来,西方现代科学的理性思考方式,遂以绝对的话语优势压倒了传统信仰的"玄学"认同。然而,在民间人们仍冀以在人生的山重水复之际,能据此"锦囊"找到自己的终极生态方向。经过几千年的发展和改进,礼术已成为一个资源丰富的专业领域和影响巨大的知识传统,它在继续引导国人实现礼义生存秩序的同时,也不乏因鱼目混珠而干扰民众生存秩序的"乱象"。如何赓续传统并使之成为礼义中国的生态动机,应该是当代学人必须直面的一个重要议题。

The ritual divination was regarded as the divine for ＂decision of doubts＂ in China＇s ritual tradition, and it has formed the widespread belief and identity in Chinese people＇s living practice. The thought of Chinese ritual divination aims at obeying the ontological belief of moral construction, to understand the order of the ultimate reality, via the method of modelling the biochemical process of the space and induction of full-scale observation. Finding the evidence of the ＂decision of doubts＂ can be divided into two approaches： the model-based reasoning and the naturalistic observation. These two approaches are the choices of life regarding the identity of the ultimate natural ecology. Ever since the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the traditional belief on the ＂metaphysics＂ was overwhelmed by the way of rational thinking of modem science from the West. However, people are still hoping to find their own way to the ultimate ecology in life by using this ＂Ace-Pack＂. The ritual divination, through thousands of years of development and improvement, has become a professional field with rich resources and a knowledge tradition with huge impact. As the ritual divination continues on guiding people to realize the survival order of ritual, there are still some ＂chaotic phenomena＂ disturbing the survival order of the public. How to persist the tradition and make it the ecological motivation of the Ritual China, this is a crucial issue that modem people need to face.