铜基自润滑电接触复合材料研究综述

Review on Research of Cu-based Self-lubricating Electrical Contact Composites

铜基自润滑复合材料因其优异的机械强度、良好的导电导热性能及自润滑特性,常被用于制备电刷、受电弓滑板等滑动电接触元件。从摩擦接触界面固体润滑膜形成的角度,详细叙述了铜基自润滑复合材料的润滑机理,指出摩擦接触界面固体润滑膜有效阻止了摩擦副对磨表面间的直接接触,使摩擦主要发生在固体润滑膜的内部,是铜基自润滑复合材料具备减摩自润滑特性的主要原因。同时对铜基自润滑复合材料的电磨损机制进行了详细介绍,指出铜基自润滑复合材料在滑动电接触过程中的磨损机制主要有磨粒磨损、粘着磨损、剥层磨损和氧化磨损四种,并从作用机制和形貌特征角度对它们进行了详细分析。最后,提出了铜基自润滑电接触复合材料研究领域目前存在的问题,并展望了相应的研究方向。

Cu-based self-lubricating composites are the most widely used sliding electrical contact materials due to their superior combined properties of high mechanical strength, excellent electrical and thermal conductivities and self-lubricating property. In this paper, the lubricating mechanism of Cu-based self-lubricating composites was reviewed based on the formation process of solidlubricating film at the tribo-interfaee and it was commented that this solid-lubricating film is responsible for the good wear performance of Cu-based self-lubricating composites by preventing the direct contact between the frictional surfaces. Meanwhile, the electrical wear mechanisms of Cu-based self-lubricating composites were introduced and it was indicated that abrasive wear, adhesive wear, delamination wear and oxidation wear are the dominant wear mechanisms of Cu-based self-lubricating composites during sliding electrical contact. Finally, the currently existing problems in the field of Cu-based self-lubricating electrical contact composites and corresponding research directions were put forward.