西藏自治区成年居民传染病相关健康行为调查

Health behaviors about infectious disease among adult residents in Tibet Autonomous Region

目的了解西藏自治区城乡成年居民传染病相关健康行为情况,为提出相关健康教育干预策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取调查对象,使用统一制作的调查问卷对成年居民进行面对面询问式调查。结果西藏自治区城乡成年居民健康行为形成率较低的为规律锻炼8.8%(501/5 648)、饭前便后洗手46.8%(2 671/5 703)、外出回家洗手43.0%(2 448/5 690)、出门戴口罩38.3%(2 166/5 648)、食用熟的海产品41.0%(2 309/5 641)、加工食品生熟分开18.2%(1 025/5 627)、使用专用筷子夹生肉23.2%(1 327/5 697)、就餐注意餐馆卫生26.6%(1 520/5 705)、被狗咬(抓)伤后接种疫苗39.7%(2 265/5 699)、被猫抓(咬)伤接种疫苗28.3%(1 610/5 684)、不生吃牛羊肉或内脏44.2%(2 498/5 640)等;传染病相关健康行为的形成率随着年龄增高而降低(P<0.05),≥60岁老年人群较低;传染病相关健康行为形成率随文化程度提高而增高(P<0.05),文化程度在小学以下的人群较低。结论西藏成年居民传染病相关健康行为形成率较低,且老年人和低文化程度人群是健康教育的重点对象。

Objective To examine current situation of health practices related to infectious disease prevention among adult residents in Tibet Autonomous Region, and to provide evidences for developing strategies and health educa- tion programs by local government. Methods With multistage sampling, we conducted a face-to-face anonymous ques- tionnaire survey among urban and rural residents aged 18 years or older in Lhasa municipality and 5 other prefectures in Tibet in 2011. Results Among the participants, the self-reported ratios of health practice were 8.8% （ 501/5 648 ） for taking regular physical exercise,46.8% （2 671/5 703 ）for washing hands before meals or after toilet use ,43.0% （2 448/ 5 690）for washing hands when back to home, 38.3 % （2 166/5 648 ）for wearing a mask in outdoor environment,41.0% （2 309/5 641 ）for only taking cooked seafood, 18. 2% （1 025/5 627 ）for processing cooked and uncooked food separately, 23.2% （1 327/5 697 ）for using specific chopsticks when taking raw meat ,26. 6% （1 520/5 705 ）for paying attention to hy- gienic conditions when eating out ,39. 7% （2 265/5 699 ）and 28.3 % （ 1 610/5 684 ）for having vaccination after being in- jured by a dog or a cat, and 44. 2% （2 498/5 640）for not eating uncooked beef, mutton, or viscera. The ratio of self-re- ported health behaviors related to infectious disease prevention was correlated inversely with the age of the residents （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, with a lower ratio among the older residents aged ≥60 years, and positively with education level of the residents, with a lower ratio among the residents with equal or under elementary school education （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion The prevalence of health behavior related to infectious disease prevention is relatively low among adult residents in Tibet and the elderly and the residents with lower education are the key populations for health education.