北京市城区孕妇多环芳烃暴露水平及季节变化特征

Level of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and its seasonal variation among pregnant women in urban Beijing

目的探究北京市城区孕妇多环芳烃（PAHs）暴露水平、人群分布特征及季节变化特征。方法于2013年3月—2014年6月在北京市海淀妇幼保健院募集205名孕妇，采集孕妇肘部静脉血，血浆经萃取、净化和浓缩后，用气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定样品中15种PAHs浓度。结果孕妇血浆低分子量PAHs（L—PAHs）的检出率相对较高，为75．1％～97．6％，高分子量PAHs（H-PAHs）中的苯并[a]芘（BaP）、茚并[1，2，3-cd]芘（IcdP）、二苯并[a，h]葸（DahA）和苯并[g，h，i]芘（BghiP）的检出率〈5％，其他H—PAHs[芘（Pyr）、苯并[a]蒽（BaA）、1，2-苯并菲（chr）、苯并[b]荧葸（BbF）和苯并[k]荧蒽（BkF）]的检出率在53．7％～100％。总PAHs（∑PAHs）浓度中位数和四分位数间距（IQR）为1484．52（563．23～2401．09）ng／g；L—PAHs中，以菲（Phe）的浓度最高，为793．33（174．11～1515．69）ng／g，苊烯（Acy）浓度最低，为29．04（14．84～43．81）ng／g；H—PAHs中，Chr浓度最高，为45．94（13．51～65．42）ng／g。不同年龄、孕前身体质量指数（BMI）、文化程度及有无被动吸烟组孕妇血浆中各种PAHs暴露水平差异均无统计学意义。不同采血季节组的蒽（Ant）、荧蒽（Flua）、Pyr、BaA、Chr、BbF、BkF和总高分子量PAHs（EH-PAHs）差异有统计学意义；其中，Ant浓度为秋季〉夏季〉冬季〉春季，Flua浓度为春季〉秋季〉夏季〉冬季；Chr、BbF和EH-PAHs浓度均为冬季〉秋季〉夏季〉春季，P）rr浓度为秋季〉冬季〉夏季〉春季，BaA浓度为冬季〉秋季〉春季〉夏季。结论北京市城区孕妇PAHs暴露水平总体处于较高水平，在不同孕妇人群中分布并无明显特异性。另外，可能受到膳食摄入、呼吸摄入和个人行为活动的影响，PAHs暴露水平在不同采血季节呈现一定的变化特征。

Objective To study the level of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） and its population distribution and seasonal variation among pregnant women in urban Beijing. Methods Totally 205 pregnant women were recruited in Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Beijing from March 2013 to June 2014. Elbow venous blood samples of the women were collected and plasma samples were obtained with centrifugalization. After liquid-liquid ex- traction,cleanup and concentration,the concentrations of 15 PAHs in the plasma samples were measured with gas chro- matography-mass spectrometer（GC-MS）. Results The detection rates of low-molecular-weight PAHs （L-PAHs） in the plasma samples were between 75. 1% and 97.6%, while those of high-molecular-weight PAHs （ H-PAHs ）, including benzo （a） pyrene （ BaP）, indeno （1,2,3-cd） pyrene （ IcdP）, dibenzo （ a, h） anthracene （DahA） and benzo （ g, h, i） perylene （ BghiP）, were all less than 5 % and the other H-PAHs, including pyrene （ Pyr）, benzo （a） anthracene （ BaA ）, chrysene （Chr） ,benzo（b）fluoranthene（BbF） and benzo（k） fluoranthene（ BkF）, were between 53.7% and 100%. The median and interquartile range （IQR）of ∑PAHs （the sum of 15 PAHs） was 1 484. 52,563.23 -2401.09 ng/g;the concentration of phenanthrene （Phe） was the highest （793.33,174. 11 - 1 515.69 rig/g）, while that of acenaphthylene （ Acy ） was the lowest （29.04,14. 84 -43.81 ng/g） among all L-PAHs; and Chr was the highest （45.94,13.51 -65.42 ng/g）among all H-PAHs. There were no significant differences in the concentrations among the women of various age, pre-pregnancy body mass index （BMI）, education, and passive smoking status for all PAHs. The plasma concentrations of anthracene （ Ant）, fluoranthene （ Flua）, Pyr, BaA, Chr, BbF, BkF, and ∑H-PAHs （ the sum of 9 H-PAHs） were significantly different for the blood samples collected during different seasons. The plasma concentrations of PAHs showed a down trend as sea- sonal variation, with the sequence of autumn, summer, winter, and spring for Ant; spring, autumn, summer, and winter for Flua; winter, autumn, summer, and spring for Chr, BbF and ~H-PAHs; autumn, winter, summer, and spring for Pyr; and winter, autumn, spring, and summer for BaA,respectively. Conclusion The level of exposure to PAHs among pregnant women in urban Beijing is at a relatively high level as a whole, and presents no significant disparity between groups. But the level of exposure to PAHs shows some seasonal variations which may be related to changes in dietary intake,inhala-tion intake and personal behaviors of the women.