互耦效应对波束赋形天线的影响分析

Analysis of mutual coupling in beamforming antennas

波束赋形天线技术可以通过基带调零等手段降低干扰信号影响,提升系统抗干扰性能,通过数字信号处理还可以在空间上形成多个波束,从而形成空分多址,大幅度提升系统的容量。但是波束赋形天线技术要求天线间隔尽可能小,一般约为工作频率的半波长,而较小的天线间隔在实际工程实现时会引起严重互相耦合。由于对互耦效应进行有效的数学描述非常困难,一般通过计算量极大的专业天线仿真软件进行仿真验证,严重制约了互耦效应解决方案的提出和论证。文中针对上述问题,提出了互耦效应的数学模型,并利用MATLAB和ANSYS-HFSS工具对相关模型进行了交叉验证。不同平台的对比仿真结果显示了相关模型的正确性和有效性。

Beamforming system can use such as null steering method to reduce interference. It can also create multi-beams to increase the system capacity. Beamforming system generally asks for short antenna spacing and generates serve mutual coupling between different antennas. In order to evaluate coupling effect,the special simulation software and huge calculation are needed. As a result, coupling effect mitigation methods are hard to be testified because of the complicate model. In this paper, a simple model for mutual coupling is proposed. MATLAB and ANSYS-HFSS are used to verify the proposed model.