语言生态学视角下汉语中日语外来词的借用演变

The Evolution of the Modern Chinese Loan Words from Japanese Based on Ecological Linguistics

外来词作为语言借用的一个重要方面,在文化交流和语言接触过程中是一种常见且不可避免的现象。而汉日词汇相互间的借用现象更是长期的、频繁的、复杂的,对此现象的研究可谓汗牛充栋。然而,历来的研究均是在语言描写传统上的静态研究,且囿于汉日两语的个性研究,没有从深层成因上对外来词的借用演变作更为系统的解释。尝试从外来词的音、形、义、文化因素来说明外来词的借用标准,并采用了语言生态学的观点及方法对汉语日语外来词的演变机制进行探讨。

Loan words are important in language use, especially in the process of cultural exchanges and language contact which is a common and inevitable phenomenon. The mutual borrowing of Chinese-Japa- nese＇ s vocabulary is much more long-term, frequent and complex, and the research that based on this phenomenon is abundant. Nevertheless, most of them focused on static based on the traditional language description not dynamic, and were confined to the individuality study of Chinese and Japanese. However, they seldom make any explanation of the connotation and denotation of loan words from the deep causes of regional culture. The article attempts to illustrate the borrowed standard of loan words based on sound, form, meaning and culture, and then applies contact view and method of the ecological linguistics to discuss the evolution of the mechanism with the loan words in Chinese.