昆明山地不同人工林类型冬季土壤水分特征研究

The Soil Moisture Characteristics of the Different Plantations in Winter in Mountain Land of Kunming

为探明昆明地区山地主要人工林类型的土壤耗水特征，以昆明市周边的麻栎、蓝桉、干香柏、华山松、云南松等人工林为研究对象，采用土钻法对其旱季初0～200 cm土层土壤水分进行测定，分析不同林地类型土壤水分含量及垂直分布特征的差异。结果表明：在0-100 cm土层范围内，5种不同林地类型的土壤含水量大小表现为蓝桉林〈麻栎林〈干香柏林〈华山松林〈云南松林：群落总盖度、乔木郁闭度和苔藓、枯落物层盖度与0～30 cm表层土壤水分含量呈现出正相关关系：林地类型与土壤水分垂直分布关系密切且土壤水分利用层均在0～100 cm土层；坡向对蓝桉和干香柏林地的土壤水分影响较为明显，坡位对蓝桉、干香柏和华山松林地土壤水分影响较为显著，表现为坡上部低于坡下部。

The Quercus acutissima, Eucalyptus globulus, Cupressus duclouxiana, Pinus armandii, Pinus yun-nanensis artificial forest of around city of Kunming as the object of study was to clear the soil moisture consumptioncharacteristics of main forest types in Kunming area. Using soil drilling method to explore the soil moisture of soillayer from 0 to 200 cm in the beginning of dry season, and analyze the differences of soil water content and verticaldistribution characteristics of different forest types. The results showed that： In soil depth of 0 - 100 cm, the size ofthe five different forest types of soil water storage was Eucalyptus globulus 〈 Quercus acutissima 〈 Cupressus duclouxi-aria 〈 Pinus armandii 〈 Pinus yunnanensis. The community total coverage, the canopy density, lichen and litterlayer coverage had a positive correlation with surface soil moisture in 0 -30 cm. Forest types had a closely relatedto the vertical distribution of soil moisture and their soil water utilization layers were all in 0 - 100cm layers. In ad-dition, the aspect had an obvious influence on Eucalyptus globulus and Cupressus duclouxiana , while the hill-slope position had a significant influence on Eucalyptus globulus, Cupressus duclouxiana and Pinus armandii, show-ing that the upper part was lower than lower part of the slope.