等高反坡阶对坡耕地土壤水分空间分布的影响——以昆明松花坝水源区为例

Effect of contour reverse-slope on spatial distribution of soil moisture of slope farmland:case of water sources area of Songhuba in Kunming

坡耕地是昆明松华坝水源保护区主要土地利用类型,针对日益严重的水土流失,选取水源区迤者小流域内不同坡度的坡耕地为对象,并对其进行等高反坡阶处理,研究坡度及等高反坡阶对坡耕地土壤含水量的影响。结果表明,等高反坡阶处理坡耕地表层土壤的保水效果好于普通坡面,等高反坡阶具有拦蓄地表径流和再分配的功能,降雨后20~40 cm深土层的含水量相较于表层土壤高出1.9%~6.49%;土壤含水量和坡度、深度、有无反坡阶之间均呈现显著的负相关性,与海拔成显著正相关关系。

The sloping farmland is the main land-use type in water sources area of Songhuaba in Kunming. Aiming at the serious soil erosion of slope farmland in the water source protection areas,the slope farmland with different gradients in the small watershed（ Yizhe） of the water sources area,treated with contour reverse-slope method,was taken as example to research the effect of contour reverse-slope on spatial distribution of soil moisture of slope farmland. The results showed that the water conservation effect of the slope treated by contour reverse-slope method is better than that of the ordinary slope; the contour slope steps has the functions of surface runoff interception and redistribution,the moisture content of soil layer from 20 to 40 cm after rainfall is 1. 9% to 6. 49% higher than that of the ordinary surface soil; the soil water content is significantly and negatively related with slope,depth and absence of the reverse slope steps,while is significantly and positively related with the altitude.