2009-2014年许昌市6～14岁学龄儿童传染病流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases among 6～14 years old in Xuchang in 2009-2014

目的了解许昌市2009—2014年6-14岁学龄儿童法定传染病流行特征，为制定科学的防控措施提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法，分析传染病疫情资料。结果6年间，许昌市累计报告6-14岁学龄儿童25种法定传染病4336例，年均发病率为161．38,50万。呼吸道传染病报告发病最多（占72．09％），依次为肠道传染病（占21．84％）、血源及性传播疾病（5．40％）、虫媒及自然疫原性疾病（0．35％）。主要病种疾病谱发生明显变化，乙肝、甲肝、风疹发病呈下降趋势，发病位次后移，其它感染性腹泻和肺结核发病位次前移，至2014年，报告病例数居前7位的病种依次为流行性腮腺炎、手足口病、其它感染性腹泻、细菌性痢疾、肺结核、流行性感冒和乙肝。流行性腮腺炎、风疹、麻疹、手足口病、细菌性痢疾和其它感染性腹泻等急性传染病随年龄增长发病率呈下降趋势，肺结核、乙肝、丙肝等慢性传染病随年龄增长发病率呈上升趋势。发病以学生（占87．94％）和幼托儿童（占8．67％）为主。呼吸道传染病发病高峰期出现在4-7月份和11-12月份，肠道传染病发病高峰期为4-7月份，虫媒及自然疫源性疾病发病高峰期为8-9月份，血源及性传播疾病无明显发病高峰。结论许昌市6-14岁学龄儿童法定报告传染病发病率高，应根据传染病疾病谱、流行特征有针对性地开展预防控制工作。

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of children aged 6-14 years of legal infectious diseases in Xuchang during 2009-2014, to provide basis for making scientific prevention and control measures.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was contucted on the monitorin data.Results 4 336 cases in 25 kinds notifiable infectious diseases were reported during 2009-2014,the average annual incidence was 161.38/100 000.The constituent ratio of respiratory infectious diseases, intestinal infectious diseases, blood and sexually transmitted diseases, zoonotic diseases was 72.09 %, 21.84 %, 5.40 %, and 0.35 %.The incidence rates of hepatitis B,hepatitis A and rubella decreased, and the precedence moved backward.The precedence of other infectious diarrhea disease and tuberculosis moved forward.The top seven diseases were mumps, hand-foot-mouth disease, other infectious diarrhea diseases, bacterial dysentery, tuberculosis, influenza and hepatitis B in 2004.The incidence rates of some acute infectious diseases declined with the increase of age, such as mumps, rubella, measles,hand-foot-mouth disease, dysentery and other infectious diarrhea disease.The incidence of some chronic infectious diseases increased with age increase, such as tuberculosis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C.The majority of the cases were students （87.94 % ） and kindergarten children （8.67 % ）.high prevalence of the respiratory infectious diseases, intestinal infectious disease, zoonotic diseases appeared from April to July and from November to December, from April to July, and from August to September.Condusions The incidence of the notifiable infectious diseases was high among the school-age children aged 6 to 14 years old in Xuchang city.The targeted prevention and control work should be carride out on the basis of the spectrum of disease and epidemic characteristics.