贵州省四民族儿童神经精神发育调查

A survey of neuropsychological development of four nationality children in Guizhou Province

目的：调查贵州省苗族、布依族、水族三个主体少数民族儿童以及汉族儿童的神经精神发育现状,为贵州各民族儿童心理健康发展提供科学依据。方法：在贵州省苗族、布依族、水族、汉族聚居的7个县,选取4个民族6～84月龄儿童805名进行调查,包括苗族171人、布依族200人、水族217人、汉族217人。应用首都儿研所研制的0～6岁小儿神经心理发育量表进行测量儿童神经精神发育情况,应用t检验、方差分析、单向有序资料的Ridit分析比较四民族儿童神经精神发育现状。结果：贵州省苗族、布依族、水族、汉族儿童神经心理发育平均发育商低于全国常模[（88.6±11.1）,（91.4±11.3）,（82.8±13.5）,（84.1±12.3）vs.（100.0±15.0）;均P〈0.01]。四民族间平均发育商差异较大（P〈0.01）。四民族儿童均是大运动发育最好,语言发育最差。四民族儿童神经精神发育无明显的性别和年龄差异。四民族儿童发育商评价分段分析平均发育商均呈正态分布,应用单向有序资料的Ridit分析进行四民族儿童平均发育商评价分段分析,差异有统计学意义（F=5.96,P〈0.01）。同时通过LSD和SNK两两间比较均发现,水族儿童与汉族、苗族儿童神经精神发育构成差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.01）。苗族儿童大运动发育高于汉族儿童（P〈0.01）;布依族儿童语言发育（P〈0.01）、平均发育商（P〈0.05）高于汉族儿童;水族儿童各方面发育与汉族儿童无明显差异。结论：贵州四民族儿童神经精神发育中,大运动发育较好,语言发育较差。

Objective：To investigate the current situation of neuropsychological development of Miao,Bouyei,Shui as well as the Han nationality children in Guizhou Province to provide a scientific basis for the healthy neuropsychological development of every nationality of children in Guizhou Province.Method：Totally 805 children aged 6 to 84 months old in seven communities where the Miao,Bouyei,Shui and Han nationalities lived were surveyed,including 171 Miao nationality children,200 Bouyei nationality children,217 Shui nationality children,and217 Han nationality children.The Pediatric Neural Mental Development Scale for Age Zero to Six developed by the Capital Institute of Pediatrics,t-test,variance analysis,and Ridit analysis were used to measure and analyze the current situation of neuropsychological development of these four nationality children.Results：The average development quotients of neuropsychological development of the Miao,Bouyei,Shui and the Han nationality children in Guizhou were below the national norm[（88.6 ±11.1）,（91.4 ±11.3）,（82.8 ±13.5）,（84.1 ±12.3） vs.（100.0± 15.0）;P〈0.01）].The average development quotients among the four nationalities differed greatly（P〈0.01）.As for the zones of development,the gross motor development of all four nationality children was the best,while language development was the worst.No significant difference was found for the neuropsychological development based on gender or age.The segmented analysis of children＇s development quotient in each nationality indicated that the overall development quotient of the four nationality children presented normal distribution.Ridit analysis（F =5.96,P〈0.01） on average neuropsychological development of these four nationality children for segmented analysis was conducted,and the difference was statistically significant.Based on LSD and SNK analysis,statistical significance was found on structure difference of neuropsychological development between the Shui nationality children and the Han（P〈0.001） and Miao（P〈0.001） nationality children.It was found that the gross motor development of Miao nationality children was better than that of Han nationality children（P〈0.01）,the language development（P〈0.01） and average development quotient（P〈0.05） of Bouyei nationality children exceeded these of Han nationality children,and the development in each aspect of Shui nationality children had no evident difference with Han nationality children.Conclusion：The neuropsychological developing of the four main nationality children in Guizhou have their own features and it shows that the gross motor development is strong but the language development is weak.