大学生不同焦虑水平与汉语阅读流畅性的关系

Relationship between different levels of anxiety and Chinese reading fluency in college students

目的:探查大学生的不同焦虑水平与其汉语流畅阅读能力的关系。方法:通过广告招募大学生60人[平均年龄(21.1±1.2)岁,其中男生15人,女生45人]。采用国际情绪图片系统(IAPS)中的图片刺激分别诱发中性情绪、低焦虑水平和高焦虑水平3种情绪状态,将60名被试随机等分分到3种情绪情境中。在情绪刺激前、后两个时间点上,均采用状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)中的状态焦虑量表测查被试的焦虑水平,同时记录被试流畅阅读汉语篇章的速度和错误数。数据分析时,以刺激前、后被试在焦虑测试和阅读流畅性测试的得分差值作为因变量。结果:低、高焦虑水平组情绪刺激前后的状态焦虑分量表得分差值均大于中性情绪组[(5.3±5.4),(16.1±10.6)vs.(-1.6±9.5);P<0.05];高焦虑水平组的状态焦虑分量表得分差值大于低焦虑水平组(P<0.01)。低、高焦虑水平组情绪刺激前后的阅读速度差值均大于中性情绪组[(-10.2±18.9),(-24.5±15.9)vs.(2.2±25.8);均P<0.05],高焦虑水平组的阅读速度差值大于低焦虑水平组(P<0.05)。3种情绪条件间在阅读错误数的差值上差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:本研究提示,焦虑情绪可能会阻碍汉语流畅阅读过程,并且焦虑水平越高,阻碍作用越强。

Objective：To explore the relationship between different levels of anxiety and Chinese fluent reading in college students.Methods：Sixty college students（15 males and 45 females）,with average age of（21.1 ±1.2） years,were recruited through advertising.The International Affective Picture System（IAPS） was adopted to evoke three different levels of anxiety,including neural condition,low-level-anxiety condition and high-level-anxiety condition.Sixty college students were randomly and equally divided into the three conditions mentioned above.Anxiety level and reading fluency were tested before and after the presence of affective pictures.Anxiety level was measured with the state anxiety questionnaire in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory（STAI）.Meanwhile,reading speed and the relevant errors were recorded during fluent reading of Chinese passages.During data analysis,the differences in scores of STAI as well as reading fluency tests between before and after the presence of affective pictures were regarded as dependent variables in the present study.Results：It showed that the differences of STAI scores in both high-level and low-level anxiety groups were greater than the neural group[（5.3 ±5.4）,（16.1 ±10.6） vs.（- 1.6 ± 9.5）;Ps 0.05],meanwhile students with high-level anxiety exhibited greater differences in STAI scores than those with low-level anxiety（P〈0.01）.The differences in reading speed were greater in highlevel and low-level anxiety groups than in the control group[（-10.2 ± 18.9）,（-24.5 ±15.9） vs.（2.2 ±25.8）;Ps 0.05],in which the individuals with high-level anxiety showed greater speed differences than those with lowlevel anxiety（P〈0.05）.Moreover,there were no significant effects and interaction in changes of reading errors（P〈0.05）.Conclusion：The present findings reveal that anxiety may exert a negative influence on Chinese reading fluency,in which the higher-level anxiety may slow down the reading speed more greatly.