从施动性看英语动词被动语态语法意义的实质

The Essence of the Grammatical Meaning of the Passive Voice of English Verbs in the Light of Agentiveness

英语被动句、类主动句和类被动句是英语中3种不同类型的句子。然而,由于3者在形式和意义上都存在某些相似之处,因此,很多人常常将类主动句和类被动句同英语被动句相混淆。区分3者的主要标准就是施动性,即类主动句和类被动句不表示施动性,只表示主语的状态,而被动句则表示施动性。从这个意义上说,英语动词被动语态语法意义的实质就是施动性。

English passive sentences, quasi - active sentences and quasi - passive sentences are three different types of sentences. However, as they are in some ways similar in both form and meaning, many people often confuse quasi -active and quasi -passive sentences with passive sentences. Agentiveness is the main criterion for telling the differences between the three of them, that is to say, quasi - active and quasi - passive sentences have no possibility of agent addition, and they only denote the state of the sub- ject of a sentence, whereas passive sentences possess an agent or it is possible to supply it when it is omit- ted. In this sense, the essence of the grammatical meaning of the passive voice is agentiveness.