经济体制转轨以来蒙古国畜牧业面临的困境与出路

The Dilemma and the Way out Confronted by Mongolia Grassland Animal Husbandry since the Economic System Transformation

草原畜牧业是蒙古国传统的基础产业,也是国民经济发展的支柱产业。经济体制转轨以来,蒙古国草原畜牧业得到了快速发展,牲畜头数不断增加,畜牧业产值不断提高。然而以游牧生产方式为主,最求"人-牲畜-牧草"和谐发展的传统畜牧业在市场经济体制中面临着生态环境恶化、畜产品商品化程度低,牧民市场主体地位弱等困境。本文认为,坚持游牧生产方式,完善牧区市场化服务体系,提高牧民的组织化程度,培育新型的市场主体是传统畜牧业走出困境的主要途径。

Grassland animal husbandry is not only the traditional and fundamental industry but also the pillar industry in Mongolia. Since the economic system transformation, the Mongolian grassland animal husbandry has been undergoing great development, which is best embodied by the fast increase of stock and the production value. However, traditional animal husbandry, which focuses on nomadism and pursues the harmonious development among humans, stock and pasture, is now faced with deterioration of environment, low commercialization in animal by-products and low status of market subject for herdsmen. In this paper, it is claimed that the main ways out of the dilemma are to insist nomadic production style, impreve the marketized service system in pastoral areas, improve the level of organization, and nurture the new market subject.