马林诺夫斯基的文化功能理论及其完善路向

Malinowskin's Theory of Cultural Function and its Direction of Consummation

马林诺夫斯基的文化功能理论认为,人具有3种不同层次的需求——基本需求(生物)、衍生需求(社会)和综合需求(精神),对这3种需求的回应构成了复杂的文化体系。马林诺夫斯基指出,社会层面的需求派生自生物层面的需求,宗教等精神层面的需求本质上也源于生物性需求,这给他晚期视为人类存续基础的道德性宗教埋下了生物决定论的隐患。

According to Malinowskin＇s theory of cultural function, there are three different levels of human needs： basic needs （biological）, derived needs （social） and integrative imperatives （spiritual）. The responses to the three needs constitute a complex cultural system. Malinowskin pointed out that the social needs are derived from the biological needs, and religion and other imperatives of spiritual level are essentially derived from biological needs as well. This view leaves hidden trouble of biological determinism to the moral religion that Malinowskin considered as the foundation of the existence and development of human society in his later life.