英美法中公共文化财产的权利变动规则研究

A Discussion on the Rules of Right Change of Cultural Property in the Common Law

公共文化财产是指体现某一群体共有精神文明的物品。公共文化财产的主客体关系包括两个方面:一是财产必须完全和权利人的同一性联系,二是该联系是一种良性关系。群体在公共文化财产上享有正当的群体性权利。在英美财产法理论中,公共文化财产和人格财产在权利规则配置上存有不同,人格财产适用不可转让性规则,可赠予但不可交易,公共文化财产适用严格不可转让性规则,既不可交易也不可赠予。通过外部性理论和专门的分配任务可以论证公共文化财产和人格财产应适用不同权利规则。英美法的公共文化财产相关理论,对我们财产法研究具有借鉴意义。

The cultural property is the object embodies common spirit of one group. An object quahhes as property for grouphood when （1） it is substantially ＂hound up＂ with group identity, and （2） its retention constitutes ＂good object relations, ＂ group has the group rights in the cultural property. In the property theory of Common Law, the cultural property is different from the personhood property in the right transfer rules, The personhood property requires market inalienability, which prohibits only sales, not gifts, The cultural property requires strict inalienability, which prohibits both sales and donate. The difference can be explained by the theory of externalities and specialized distributional goals. The theory of cultural property has reference meaning to the property law in China.