此心安处是吾乡——苏轼之迁谪历程与谪居心态

Peace of Mind is the Homeland——SuShi's Official Exile Progress and Demoting Mentality

在宋代,最能代表文人士大夫成熟、稳定的谪居心态的是苏轼。其一生三黜,依次被贬至黄州、惠州、儋州。在长期的贬谪生活中,苏轼积极吸纳佛、道思想中利于精神超越、利于生存需要的合理因素以涵养自己对抗苦难、摆脱困境的心理素质和文化人格,保持一种稳定、平和、旷达、不走极端的心态,不介怀于个人之穷通得失、祸福生死。所至无不安怀适命,以贬地为"吾乡",恬然以处,随遇而安,坦然应对官场的失意和人生的挫折,平稳度过这段人生低谷期。

SuShi is a representative model of ripe and stable demoting mentality among scholars during Song dynasty.He demoted to Huangzhou,Huizhou and Danzhou in turn.SuShi positively absorbed reasonable factors of spiritual transcendent and existential need from Buddhism and Taoism to cultivate the psychological quality and cultural personality of competing misery and overcoming difficulty during long demoting life.He kept one mentality of stable,gentle,broad-minded and betwixt,and didn＇t care about personal poor and rich,gain and loss,weal and woe,life and death.He adaptably regarded every demotion place as＂homeland＂and calmly responded officialdom frustration and life setback.He was resigned to the situation and self-satisfied with joy and spent this difficult times in his life smoothly.