作为历史文本的文学——由《平凡的世界》看转型时期陕北农村的家庭与人口再生产

Literature as Historical Text:Family and Population Reproduction in the Countryside of Northern Shaanxi during the Transitional Period Based on Ordinary World

为了研究1975—1985年转型时期陕北农村人口的再生产和家庭关系,文章将路遥的长篇小说《平凡的世界》视为一种历史文本,以双水村为样本,通过数据统计与文本阅读,分别讨论生活资料、土地制度、国家政策、文化、教育等因素的影响,认为:人民公社时期和承包责任制后生活资料、土地制度和国家政策对陕北农村的生育情况有不同的影响;农村教育成本很高,但农民始终尊重教育,女性生活空间也因此向外延伸;家庭关系和农村文化秩序产生诸多变化,这也正是农村现代化发展进程中需要解决的问题。

To study the reproduction and family relationship in the countryside of Northern Shaanxi during the transitional period （1975-1985）, Lu Yao＇s Ordinary World was viewed as a his- toric text in this paper, with Shuangshui Village as a sample. Based on the birth data from Shuang- shui Village and the text, the paper tried to work out the influences of subsistence, the land system, national policies, education and culture. Therefore, the conclusions are drawn as follows： 1） means of subsistence, the land system, and national policies affected the birthrates differently in northern rural areas in the phases of People Community and Family management; 2） the cost of education was high in the rural areas hut valued highly, and women＇s living space was extended; 3） changes were wit- nessed in family relationship and cultural order, which were the problems to be handled in the process of modernization of the country.