复合木霉菌制剂防治葡萄灰霉病的效果研究

Bio-control of Grape Grey Mold by Using A WP-Formulation Mixed with Two Trichoderma Strains

通过马铃薯葡萄糖培养基(PDA)进行平皿对峙培养,从11个木霉(Tricheoderma Spp.)菌株中筛选出5株对葡萄灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea,BC)有拮抗活性的菌株。以Tr85为目标菌株,分别与另4个木霉菌株进行相容性测试,将相容性好的Tr85/Tr178B、Tr85/Tr469A和Tr178B/Tr469A进行混合,制成含2×10~8个/g孢子的复合菌或单菌株可湿性粉剂(WP),用于室内生测。经Tr85/Tr178B WP处理的葡萄叶片,对BC的防治效果(ERDC)显著高于(P≤0.05)其它复合菌株或单菌株WP处理。将Tr85/Tr178B WP继续用于2012和2013年在上海和山东的大田药效试验。在上海,当Tr85/Tr178B WP施用量为3.0 kg/hm^2、3.75 kg/hm^2和5.25 kg/hm^2时,各处理间对BC的ERDC没有显著性差异,但它们都显著高于(P≤0.05)2.25 kg/hm和化学农药50%腐霉利WP3.75 kg/hm^2处理。在山东,Tr85/Tr178B复合菌WP施用量在3.00 kg/hm^2、3.75 kg/hm^2、5.25 kg/hm^2的处理与50%腐霉利WP3.75 kg/hm^2的处理之间,对BC的ERDC差异不显著。但施用量为5.25 kg/hm^2以及50%腐霉利WP3.75 kg/hm^2(仅在2012年)对病害的ERDC显著高于(P≤0.05)用量为2.25 kg/hm^2。

A screening test was conducted on petri dishes with potato dextrose agar（PDA）, and five Trichoderma strains were selected from 11 strains, which showed an antagonistic effect on inhibiting the growth of the pathogen of grape grey mold（Botrytis cinerea）. Using Tr85 as a target strain,a compatibility test was conducted with the other 4 strains. A wettable powder（WP） formulation containing 2×10^8 /g spores was made with each of the signal strains or 2 strains, which were then used in an indoor bioassay. The grape leaves treated with the WP formulated with 2 strains of Tr85/Tr178 B had a significantly higher（P≤0.05）efficacy rate（%） of disease control（ERDC） compared to those treated with each of the WPs formulated with a signal strain or other 2 strains. The WP formulation with Tr85/Tr178 B was further used in field tests located in Shanghai and Shandong in 2012 and 2013. In Shanghai, there were no significant differences on ERDC among the treatments with the WP formulations of Tr85/Tr178 B at 2.25 kg/hm2 、3.00 kg/hm2 、5.25 kg/hm2, but the parameters of ERDC of each of the treatments were significantly higher（P≤0.05）than those with the treatments of Tr85/Tr178 B WP at 2.25 kg/hm2 and the chemical fungicide of 50% Procymidone WP at 3.75 kg/hm2. In Shandong, there were no significant differences on ERDC among the treatments of the WP formulations with Tr85/Tr178 B at 2.25 kg/hm2 、 3.00 kg/hm2 、 5.25 kg/hm2 and 50% Procymidone WP at 3.75 kg/hm2, but the parameters of ERDC with the treatments of Tr85/Tr178 B WP at 5.25 kg/hm2 and 50% Procymidone WP at 3.75 kg/hm2（only in 2012） were significantly higher（P≤0.05）than those with the treatment of Tr85/Tr178 B WP at 2.25 kg/hm2.