“似诗”与“自寻出路”——明末清初海云诗僧的诗学理论及其对诗禅理论的发展

Like the Poetry,Find the Own Path:the Poetic Theory of Haiyun Monks

尽管自宋明以来诗禅合一的文化趋向越来越明晰,但诗僧们的基本理论困惑并没有得到有效的解决。明清之际,岭南出现了以高僧天然禅师函昰及其弟子澹归今释为核心的中国有史以来最大的海云诗僧集团,与他们在诗学理论上的"自寻出路"不无关系。他们提出了"似诗"论,以"道"为宗,以"情"为趣,以"悟"为教,既承认了僧诗作为诗歌的普遍性,又注意到了其"自明本心"的独特性,因而有效解决了僧人作诗与"不立文字"宗旨的矛盾,又在实践和方法论上依情达性、自寻出路,不仅为诗僧的诗歌创作打开了大门,而且使其诗学得以一定程度摆脱传统儒家诗学的藩篱,从而将我国诗禅理论推到了一个新的高度。

In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the largest Chinese poetry monk group with two monks named Hanshi and Dangui at the core appeared in the Lingnan region. First they put forward the ＂like the poem＂ theory, which solved the contradiction between the monks＇ poetry writing and their doctrine, thus emphasized the unique nature of monks poetry. Second, Hanshi argued poetry should displayed the Buddha through expressing feelings, and Dangui believed that expressing feelings could get inner peace and Buddha.Third, they pointed out creative methods of poetry to enlightenment and advocated to find their own path. The above theory es- sentially helped to get rid of a long time dilemma that the monks＇ poetry writing faced, and opened the way for the creation and in- dependence of monk poetry.