聚合物在荧光检测领域的应用

Application of Polymers in Fluorescence Analysis

聚合物是由一种或几种重复单体以共价键连接形成的大分子化合物,它不仅能够保持单体的性质,而且由于聚合后单体间的协同作用,使其表现出独特的性能.聚合物作为基础材料在荧光检测领域得到广泛应用.聚合物通过氢键作用、亲疏水作用及范德华力等分子间相互作用,实现了对特定目标物的选择性识别;通过信号转换和放大功能,可以将分子识别作用转化为荧光信号;可以作为骨架连接多个识别单元,通过多价结合作用等提高识别目标物的能力,或连接不同的功能单元,构建多功能的分子器件.本文对聚合物在荧光检测领域的应用进行了概述.

Polymers are macromolecular compounds built up from single or numerous kinds of monomers. The common materials in production and living （for example protein, nucleic acid, starch, fiber, plastic and rubber, etc. ） are included in this category. Owing to the unique properties after polymerization and their monomers, polymers have been extensively used in fluorescence analysis as fundamental materials： target recognition can be realized through polymers interact with target molecules through intermolecular forces （hydrogen bond, hydrophilic and hydrophobic function, and van der Waals＇ force, etc. ） ; certein polymers can transform the molecular recognition event to easily recognizable fluorescence signal, and then fluorescence signal transformation and amplification could be realized; certein polymers have been used as framework of flourescence probes, therefore the recognition capacity of fluorescence probes are improved due to muhivalency effect, and muhifunction devices are constructed based on the conjugation of different functional units. In this paper, the research and application of polymers in molecular recognition, signal transformation and as framework of probes were reviewed.