未完成的转折:马尔科姆·X黑人民族主义思想流变

Unfinished Transformation:Malcolm X's Idea of Black Nationalism

马尔科姆·X是20世纪下半叶美国现代黑人民族主义的代表,也是美国黑人自由运动中与公民权运动阵营颇为对立的黑人领袖。在他生命的最后一年多,其思想出现重大转折,体现出黑人民族主义概念的流变。惜其生命过早结束,未容他充分完成对黑人自由运动中诸多问题的思考。马尔科姆与马丁·路德·金均在生命的最后阶段基于黑人自由运动的现实困境,对自身理论的缺陷作了修正。由于这一共同的反思过程,二人原本分歧颇多的思想在局部出现了会合。

Malcolm X,a black leader who stood in the opposite of Civil Rights Movement among the struggle of AfricanAmerican for freedom,was seen as the representative of modern black nationalism in the late half twenty-first century.The last months of his life witnessed radical changes in his thought about black nationalism,which represents the shiftiness of the concept of black nationalism per se.However,Malcolm X＇s unfinished transformation in his black nationalism left for the scholars many uncertain,thereby controversial,questions.In my opinion,with respect to the transformation of Malcolm X＇s thought,it is not that Malcolm X simply went for Martin Luther King Jr.to meet his idea,but both Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr.changed and revised their views based on their respective reflection of African-American movement for freedom.